The steep bluffs that rise from a curve on the Danube on the Buda side of the city were the logical site for a fortress. It gives a breathtaking view in all directions. And since Budapest is still a mostly low-rise city, it's still a great vantage point. One of the heroes of the early era was Stephen, later St. Stephen or Szent István in Hungarian. He consolidated power, imposed Christianity, and defended Hungary against foreign invaders, establishing an era of peace during his lifetime. Once he died, however, the peace evaporated.
The first church on the Castle Hill site was built by Stephen. It was named after a 9th Century king.
The ornamentation of the tile on the roof is Oriental, as in Alhambra or Turkey. The interior is painted in highly decorative patterns.
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